One example of evolution happening now is Flavobacterium. It has evolved the ability to digest nylon. Also, after that discovery scientists forced Pseudomonas aeruginosa to live in an environment with no other nutrients. It also evolved the the ability to digest nylon. I was different than Flavobacterium. Nylon was only invented over 70 years ago. As to something changing from a dog to non-dog would be like picking two points next to each other on a plane with the spectrum on it and saying that they don't look different. Whereas selecting two points that are further apart, you could clearly see a difference. The further apart the points the more time involved.